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Molecular Genetics

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Performace Status
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TOXICITY CRITERIA
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MESNA
Dexrazoxane
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Hypercalcemia of malignancy
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<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>
ALL
AML
Anal
Bladder Cancer
Brain Cancer
Breast (risk category)
Breast (adjuvant)
Breast (metastatic)
Breast (Xeloda)
Breast (hormonal)
Breast Cancer Genetics
Carcinoid
CLL
CML
COLON CANCER
Endometrial
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Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Germ Cell (Ovary)
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Head/Neck
Head/Neck: ChemoRT abstracts
Head/Neck: Larynx
Head/Neck:Nasopharyngeal
Hodgkins
Islet Cell Tumors
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LUNG, NSC
Stage III Unresectable NSC Lung Cancer
Lung, SC
Lymphoma, Aggressive
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Lymphoma, Cutaneous
Lymphoma, Indolent
Lymphoma, MALT
Lymphoma, Mantle cell
Lymphoma, Mediastinal B-Cell
Lymphoma, Refractory NHL
Melanoma
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Multiple Myeloma
MDS
NHL
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Sarcoma
Sarcoma, Ewing's
Sarcoma, Osteogenic
Skeletal Metastasis
Testicular Cancer
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Thyroid Cancer
Waldenstrom's
Unknown Primary
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Molecular Genetics
Oncogenes, the list!
Immunoperoxidase stains
Tumor Markers
Bleomycin
Cisplatin
Etoposide
Ifosfamide
Methotrexate
Temazolamide
Mechanism of Action
Dose Modifications (Renal)
Dose Modifications (hepatic)
MDR

ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome
t(8;21)
most often seen in M2 AML
t(9;11)
most often seen in AML arising from MDS
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ATAXIA-TEANGIECTASIA
AT gene
immunodeficiency, telangiectasias, progressive neurological degeneration, breast (heterozygotes have 3.9X RR)

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BLADDER
C-ras mutation
50% Rb inactivation
60% P53 mutation
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BREAST
brca-1 (17q21) breast, ovary, colon, ?prostate
brca-2 (13q12-q13) breast, male breast
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CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
13q (55% of cases) [DBM tumor suppressor gene]
deletion in 11q (18%)
trisomy of 12q (16%)
deletion in 17p (7%)
deletion in 6q (6%)
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COLON
APC gene inactivation
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GI STROMAL TUMOR (GIST)
c-kit: GIST expresses the c-kit oncogene (CD117), a tyrosine kinase.

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HEAD & NECK CANCERS

EGF receptor over expression is seeen in up to 90% of cases.
P53 mutation is seen in 50-70% of cases
HPV-16 genome is detected in a fraction of those that do not have a P53 mutation. Most of the HPV positive cases are HPV-16. Oropharynx cancer is the most frequently encountered head & neck cancer that is positive for HPV.
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MELANOMA
P16(INK4)
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MYELDYSPLASTIC SYNDROME
chromosome 5: -5, 5q-
chromosome 7: -7, 7q-
trisomy 8
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NON-HODGKINS LYMPHOMA
t(14;18): results in deregulation & increased expression of bcl-2 gene on chromosome 18
Seen in FOLLICULAR NHL
Seen also in DIFFUSE LARGE B CELL LYMPHOMA (30% of cases)

t(11;14): the bcl-1 locus containing the PRAD-1 or cyclin D1 gene on chromosome 11 is placed in proximity to the immune globulin heavy chain gene on chromosome 14.
Seen in MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA

t(8;14): seen in BURKITTS LYMPHOMA. c-myc is translocated from chromosome 8 to the proximity of the immune globulin gene promoters on chromosome 14, 2, or 22. This results in c-myc degregulation & activation.

t(3;14): bcl-6 gene on chromosome 3 is involved in this translocation. Note that this gene could translocate into any of the light or heavy chains!
Seen in DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA b(30-35% of SIg+ cases)


t(2;5): Seen in T-CELL ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL NHL. Involves ALK gene translocation.

t(9;14): Seen in LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA. Involves PAX-5 translocation
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OSTEOSARCOMA
Rb gene inactivation
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RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
3p14 deletion...........VHL gene
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RETINOBLASTOMA
Rb gene inactivation
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SARCOMA
SYNOVIAL t(X;18)
ALVEOLAR RHABDOMYOSARCOMA t(2;13)

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TESTICULAR
i(12p).........found on all histologic types of germ cell tumors.This marker has been helpful in determining the germ cell origin of teratomas in malignant transformations & in mediastinal tumors.
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LI-FRAUMERNI SYNDROME
germline P53 mutation
carriers have 50% chance of cancer diagnosis by age 30 & 95% chance by age 65. Cancers include: Breast, childhood sarcoma, etc.
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Location of Immunoglobulin genes:
Imm H chain gene on chromosome 14
Imm K light chain gene on chromosome 2